Solvent

Water

Water (INCI: Aqua) is the most common cosmetic ingredient, used as the primary solvent to dissolve and carry water-soluble actives, humectants, and other ingredients in a formulation. Cosmetic-grade water is purified and deionised to remove mineral ions, which improves product stability and prevents microbial contamination. It forms the base of most creams, serums, toners, and lotions.